Boiler contractor Philippines- Avlon Inc, An Introduction

We as responsible Boiler contractor Philippines when it comes to boiler efficiency, we believe in sticking to the facts. The value of buying a higher efficiency boiler will pay dividends every day, every year, throughout the life of the equipment.

Boiler efficiency, in the simplest terms, represents the difference between the energy input and energy output. A typical boiler will consume many times the initial capital expense in fuel usage annually. Consequently, a difference of just a few percentage points in boiler efficiency between units can translate into substantial savings. The efficiency data used for comparison between boilers must be based on proven performance to produce an accurate comparison of fuel usage. So, are you comparing fuel usage with what your boiler suppliers claim of its boiler efficiency? If not then let’s learn today how to do that.

Performance Evaluation of Boiler by Boiler contractor Philippines

The performance of a boiler, which include thermal efficiency and evaporation ratio (or steam to fuel ratio), deteriorates over time for reasons that include poor combustion, fouling of heat transfer area, and inadequacies in operation and maintenance. Even for a new boiler, deteriorating fuel quality and water quality can result in poor boiler performance. Boiler efficiency tests help us to calculate deviations of boiler efficiency from the design value and identify areas for improvement.

The purpose of the performance test is to determine actual performance and efficiency of the boiler and compare it with design values or norms. It is an indicator for tracking day-to-day and season-to-season variations in boiler efficiency and energy efficiency improvements.

For the testing to be done, the boiler should be operated under steady load conditions (generally full load) for a period of one hour after which readings would be taken during the next hour of steady operation to enable the efficiency to be calculated. The efficiency of a boiler is quoted as the % of useful heat available, expressed as a percentage of the total energy potentially available by burning the fuel. This is expressed on the basis of gross calorific value (GCV).

Thermal efficiency

Thermal efficiency of a boiler is defined as the percentage of heat input that is effectively utilized to generate steam. As per ASME Standard: PTC-4-1 Power Test Code for Steam Generating Units, there are two methods of assessing boiler efficiency: direct and indirect.

In the direct method, the ratio of heat output (heat gain by water to become steam) to heat input (energy content of fuel) is calculated.
This is also known as ’input-output method’ due to the fact that it needs only the useful output (steam) and the heat input (i.e. fuel) for evaluating the efficiency. This efficiency can be evaluated using the formula:

Or

Both heat input and heat output must be measured. The measurement of heat input requires knowledge of the calorific value of the fuel and its flow rate in terms of mass or volume, according to the nature of the fuel.
There are several methods, which can be used for measuring heat output. With steam boilers, an installed steam meter can be used to measure flow rate, but this must be corrected for temperature and pressure as per Boiler contractor Philippines.

The alternative with small boilers is to measure feed water, and this can be done by previously calibrating the feed tank and noting down the levels of water during the beginning and end of the trial. Care should be taken not to pump water during this period. Heat addition for conversion of feed water at inlet temperature to steam, is considered for heat output.

In case of boilers with intermittent blowdown, blowdown should be avoided during the trial period. In case of boilers with continuous blowdown, the heat loss due to blowdown should be calculated and added to the heat in steam.

Evaporation ratio

Evaporation ratio, or steam to fuel ratio, is another simple, conventional parameter to track performance of boilers on-day-to-day basis.

Test Data and Calculation

Water consumption and coal consumption were measured in a coal-fired boiler at hourly intervals. Weighed quantities of coal were fed to the boiler during the trial period. Simultaneously water level difference was noted to calculate steam generation during the trial period. Blow down was avoided during the test. The measured data is given below.

TYPE OF BOILER: COAL FIRED BOILER

Steam Generated : 8 TPH
Steam Pressure : 10 kg/cm2 (g)
Steam Temperature : 1800C
Enthalpy of steam at 10 kg/cm2 (g) : 665 kCal/kg
Feed Water Temperature : 850C
Enthalpy of feed water : 85 kCal/Kg
Quantity of fuel Consumed : 1.6 TPH
GVC of Coal : 4000 Kcal/Kg

Were
Q = Quantity of steam generated per hour (kg/hr)
Q = Quantity of fuel used per hour (kg/hr)
GCV = Gross calorific value of the fuel (kCal/Kg)
H = Enthalpy of steam (Kcal/kg)
h = Enthalpy of water (Kcal/kg)

Evaporation Ratio = 8 tones of steam / 1.6 tones of coal = 5

Now, In the indirect method, all the heat losses of a boiler are measured and its efficiency computed by subtracting the losses from the maximum of 100.

For small capacity boilers, direct method can be attempted, but it is preferable to conduct indirect efficiency evaluation, since an indirect method permits assessment of all losses and can be a tool for loss minimization.

We will learn the calculation of boiler efficiency through indirect method in our next chapter. Keep visiting Avlon-php.com for more information. We are one of the best Boiler contractor Philippines dealing in both small and large series of boilers

Do you what to upgrade your existing sewage treatment? – No foot print change – No major CapEx- Compliance to DENR.  For Condo, hotel, restaurant and hospital owners.

If you are a managers or owners of a condominium/ hotels/ restaurants and or hospitals and if you are struggling to upgrade your old existing sewage treatment plant to meet the new  Philippines DENR RA 9275 Clean Water Act and its latest Regulation DAO 2016-08 on general effluent Standard then we have solution for you.

Avlon Inc, is a Filipino company and we help STP (Sewage Treatment Plant) operators to who wanted to upgrade their existing STP to meet DENR standards without changing existing foot print (no additional space required) and with very low capital investment and also without making major shift in the operational practices.

Yes, this is possible and Avlon stands guarantee meet Philippines DENR RA 9275 Clean Water Act under its latest Regulation DAO 2016-08 on general effluent Standard. Let’s understand how we do it. Keep reading……!!

The current problem faced by sewage treatment plant operators in Philippines

Because conventional biological processes designed to meet secondary treatment effluent standards typically do not remove total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) to the extent needed to protect receiving waters, wastewater treatment facilities are increasingly being required to implement processes that reduce effluent nutrient concentrations to safe levels.

In order to address this, Avlon is now had introduced Bioifas for biological nutrient removal (BNR) in sewage treatment plant and in wastewater treatment plants in which the nitrogen and phosphorus removal takes place before it is discharged into surface or ground water.

Existing conventional activated sludge or even the old SBR (sequential batch reactor) system can be upgraded for higher flows and nutrient removal configuration by adding additional volume of aeration tanks and clarifiers to the treatment train. However, due to scarcity of land availability in urban areas and also due to financial restrictions, this traditional solution might not help a lot to achieve treatment goals.

Converting existing Sewage treatment plant to Avlon Bioifas STP has many benefits which includes

•  No additional land required
• Process flow sheet of the plant remain same and thus major hydraulic as well as civil reshuffle could be avoided
• Solids loading to clarifier is not increased with increased treatment capacity and thus same clarifier could be utilized for higher capacity.
• Improved solids removal due to improvement in the SVI values because of hybrid biomass growth
• Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification also feasible allowing for lower nitrate recycle ratios for achieving lower Total Nitrogen (TN) concentration in the final treated effluent.
• Most of the existing infrastructure can be employed without putting excessive burden on the total cost of upgrading existing plant.
• Not much major shift in the operational practices and thus operators can be trained effectively to handle new system.

Bioifas – An Avlon cost effective solution to upgrade your existing sewage treatment plant – how does it works?

The bioifas utilizes the benefit of a traditional activated sludge process combined with a biological fixed-film system to create a highly efficient BNR plant in a much smaller footprint. The process begins with the introduction of polyethylene biomass carriers into the activated sludge. The activated sludge removes the majority of the BOD while the biofilm is allowed to grow in the protected biomass carrier. Bioifas is most effective for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from your sewage treatment plant or wastewater treatment plant.

Bioifas incorporates two processes into sewage treatment: nitrification and denitrification. Nitrification is the conversion of ammonia to nitrate and denitrification is the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas. Bioifas contains fasting-acting and robust denitrifying bacteria that remove nitrate from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment processes. It increases start-up speed, improves denitrification stability, shortens recovery time after upsets, and reduces the risk of non-compliance.

For more details click here.

What is Philippine Clean Air Act ? And the role of cyclone dust collector.

Cyclone dust collector is the most widely used pollution control equipment  but before we drive into the role of cyclone dust collector lets outline the major points of Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as the Philippine Clean Air Act and the major air pollutants.

Republic Act No. 8749 is a comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos. Under RA 8749, all industries classified as a stationary source should perform their own industrial emissions monitoring and report the results to the DENR. All stationary sources of air emissions must comply with National Emission Standards for Sources Specific.

Upon compliance to standards, the DENR issues a Permit to Operate (PTO) to these industries prior to their operation.

What are Air Pollutant Guidelines Value in Philippines?

Criteria pollutants are air pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values have been established. These pollutants and their guideline values are shown below.

Note

NCM stands for ‘normal cubic meter’, assuming that the samples were collected under ‘normal’ conditions or at standard temperature and pressure
SO2 and Suspended Particulate matter (TSP and PM) are sampled once every six days when using the manual methods. A minimum of twelve sampling days per quarter or forty-eight sampling days each year is required for these methods. Daily sampling may be done in the future once continuous analyzers are procured and become available.

Let’s understand these Pollutant in detail

Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)

Refer to all atmospheric particles in the atmosphere with diameters equal to or less than 100 micrometers. These relatively ‘coarse’ particles are mainly related to soiling and dust nuisance. On the other hand cyclone dust collector, particulates with diameters less than 10 micrometers are called Particulate Matter (PM) and are of greater health concern as they can penetrate deep into the lungs. PM with diameters less than 10 micrometers are specifically called PM10 while PM with diameters less than 2.5 micrometers are called PM2.5.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

It is a colorless gas with a pungent smell at low concentrations. Fossil fuel combustion, power plants and other industrial facilities are the main sources of SO2 in the atmosphere. In urban centers with high traffic volume, high SO2 levels can be observed due to vehicular combustion of fuel with high-sulfur content. In the atmosphere, it can undergo chemical reactions (oxidation) creating sulfur trioxide, particulate sulfates and sulfuric acid which can lead to acid rain. Exposure to SO2 can have adverse respiratory effects and heart diseases.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

It is a reddish-brown gas with an odorless, pungent smell. The main sources of NO2 are vehicular emissions, power plants and off-road equipment. Like SO2, it undergoes chemical reactions in the atmosphere, forming cyclone dust collector other toxic NOx compounds and nitrate particulates that pose respiratory health risks. If present in the atmosphere in high concentrations, it can react with sunlight in a process called photolysis which leads to ozone formation.

Ozone (O3)

It is a colorless, odorless gas that can be found at the upper layers of the atmosphere and serves as our protection from the sun’s harmful rays. However, O3 can also be formed at ground level through chemical reactions of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) especially during hot days. The main sources of NOx and VOCs include industrial cyclone dust collector and electric facility emissions, vehicular exhausts, gasoline vapors and chemical solvents. O3 can pose detrimental health risks, if inhaled, and can also affect sensitive vegetation and ecosystems since it is also classified as a greenhouse gas.

Carbon monoxide (CO)

It is a colorless, odorless gas that is very toxic when inhaled as it reduces oxygen transport in the body. At very high concentrations, CO can even cause death. The main source of this pollutant is vehicular emissions especially in urban centers

Heavy metals, primarily Lead (Pb) are measured in the atmosphere because of lead emissions from industrial sources and vehicular combustion of fuel. Pb used to be the main anti-knock component of gasoline but regulatory efforts have already prohibited the use of such fuel, reducing lead cyclone dust collector combustions. But like other heavy metals such as Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni), Pb is persistent in the environment and poses serious health risks.

What happens to those who Violates?

Based on the grounds stated in Section 12 of DAO 2013-26, a Notice of Violation (NOV) may then be issued to industries with previously issued PTOs. A fine of not more than P100,000 for every day of violation shall be charged against the owner of a stationary source, until such time that standards have been met.

For gross violation, the penalty is imprisonment of not less than six years but not more than 10 years upon the discretion of the court. At the same time, the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB) could close the firm through the issuance of a Cease and Desist Order.

There is gross violation of the law or its rules when any of the following occurs:

Three or more specific offenses within a period of one year.

Three or more offenses within three consecutive years.

Blatant disregard of the orders of the PAB, such as, but not limited to the breaking of seals, padlocks and other similar devices like cyclone dust collector, or operating despite the existence of an order for closure, discontinuance or cessation of operation.

Irreparable or grave damage to the environment as a consequence of any violation or omission of the provisions of the Act or its IRR.

Avlon solution to address the industrial air pollution

Avlon Inc is an air pollution control, water treatment and boiler energy recovery system provider, headquartered in Philippines with engineering offices in India. Avlon has developed technologies that control harmful and regulated Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), process odors, Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) and various water contaminants.

Our solution will include a turnkey system that seamlessly integrates into the specific process, providing customers with single source responsibility. We are the best manufacturers and suppliers of Clean Air Products with Wet Scrubber & cyclone dust collector For more details call us or visit our website www.avlon-php.com

Water softening equipment supplier in Philippines – Avlon Inc.

The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of Physical water quality characteristics. Its a known and established fact that contaminants in the water can affect the water quality and consequently the human health and we as water softening equipment supplier in Philippines understands the fact  very well. Water plays a significant role in maintaining the human health and welfare.

The potential sources of water contamination are geological conditions, industrial and agricultural activities, and water treatment plants. These contaminants are further categorized as by physical, chemical and microbiological properties of water.

Physical parameters of water :

 

Physical parameters define those characteristics of water that respond to the senses of sight, touch, taste or smell. Suspended solids, turbidity, colour, taste and odour and temperature fall into this category.

 

Turbidity:

Turbidity of water is a measurement of the clarity of water that is affected by the presence of solids, small particles/sediments, or pollutants. The more sediments in the water, the more turbid the water is. Material that is suspended in water allows less light to pass through the water, and so this increases the temperature of the water because the suspended particles hold more heat. Because warm water holds less dissolved oxygen than cold water, the concentration of dissolved oxygen becomes reduced and this affects the fish and other water organisms that need oxygen to live.

As such, suspended particles can clog fish gills, that results in reduced resistance to disease, decreased growth rates, and affects egg and fish larval development. Turbidity is measured by an instrument called nephelometric turbidimeter by water softening equipment supplier in Philippines, which expresses turbidity in terms of NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) and is measured using a relationship of light reflected from a given sample

 

Temperature:

 

Temperature is a measure of the average energy (kinetic) of water molecules. It is measured on a linear scale of degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit. It is one of the most important water quality parameters. Temperature affects water chemistry and the functions of aquatic organisms. It influences the:

1. Amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in water,
2. Rate of photosynthesis by algae and other aquatic plants,
3. Metabolic rates of organisms,
4. Sensitivity of organisms to toxic wastes, parasites and diseases, and timing of reproduction, migration, and activation of aquatic organisms.

Water temperature does not change as fast as air temperature, but because of this, smaller increases in water temperatures can have more of a negative impact on the water quality and ecosystems that depend on this water. Palatability, viscosity, solubility, odors, and chemical reactions are influenced by temperature. Thereby, the sedimentation and chlorination processes and biological oxygen demand (BOD) are temperature dependent. It also affects the biosorption process of the dissolved heavy metals in water as per Water softening equipment supplier in Philippines.

Color, Taste and odor:

Materials decayed from organic matter, namely, vegetation and inorganic matter such as soil, stones, and rocks impart color to water, which is objectionable for esthetic reasons, not for health reasons. Color is graded on scale of 0 (clear) to 70 color units. Pure water is colorless, which is equivalent to 0 color units

Taste and odor in water can be caused by foreign matter such as organic materials, inorganic compounds, or dissolved gasses. The unit of odor or taste is expressed in terms of a threshold number, where TON is the threshold odor number and TTN is the threshold taste number.

Solids:

Solids occur in water either in solution or in suspension. By definition, the suspended solids are retained on the top of the filter and the dissolved solids pass through the filter with the water.

Total solid (TS) = Total dissolved solid (TDS) + Total suspended solid (TSS)

Water can be classified by the amount of TDS per liter as follows:

freshwater: <1500 mg/L TDS;

brackish water: 1500–5000 mg/L TDS;

saline water: >5000 mg/L TDS.

Electrical conductivity (EC):

The electrical conductivity (EC) of water is a measure of the ability of a solution to carry or conduct an electrical current. Since the electrical current is carried by ions in solution, the conductivity increases as the concentration of ions increases as per Water softening equipment supplier in Philippines. Pure water is not a good conductor of electricity]. Typical conductivity of water is as follows:

Ultra-pure water: 5.5 × 10−6 S/m;

Drinking water: 0.005–0.05 S/m;

Seawater: 5 S/m.

The electrical conductivity can be used to estimate the TDS value of water as follows:

TDS (mg/L) ≅ EC (dS/m or umho/cm) × (0.55–0.7)

Significant changes in conductivity can be an indicator that a discharge has occurred or some other source of pollution has entered a stream.

Keep visiting www.avlon-php.com for more information. We are one of the water softening equipment supplier in Philippines . Dealing in Drinking water plant, Sewage Treatment Plant, Wet Scrubbers, Dust Collectors, Boilers etc